1 College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China 2 China Petroleum and Natural Gas Pipeline Research Institute Co., Ltd., Langfang 065000, China
With the rapid growth of demand for clean energy, the steel grade, diameter, wall thickness and transportation pressure of steel pipes for pipeline construction have gradually increased in recent years. The technology of automatic pipeline welding has gradually become the mainstream technology in pipeline construction due to its high matching strength and toughness of girth welds, high welding efficiency and low labor intensity. This paper describes the development process and engineering applications in China of welding robot technology for long-distance oil and gas pipelines. This is based on all-position automatic welding of pipelines, as well as the engineering application characteristics and technical status of pipeline welding robots. Several advanced pipeline welding robots are listed, including a multi-torch pipeline welding robot, laser-arc hybrid pipeline welding robot, double-wire pipeline welding robot and friction stir welding robot. By combining and summarizing the problems existing in the development of pipeline welding robots, it is pointed out that the welding trajectory planning, welding seam tracking, online monitoring of welding quality, the adaptability of special working conditions and supporting welding power supply are the technical bottlenecks in the applications in oil and gas engineering at present. The development of intelligent research and development of pipeline welding robots in the future is examined, and it is believed that three directions will be the development trend of intelligent pipeline welding robots in the future: (1) For the autonomous planning of welding path and adaptive seam tracking technology, the groove and weld information of multi-layer and multi-pass welding of pipeline will be extracted, identified and analyzed to obtain the ideal path point and welding torch posture, and the position of the welding torch can be controlled in real-time according to the working conditions. It will realize flexible welding planning and adaptive seam tracking of pipeline girth welds .(2) For remote fault diagnosis of welding, a complete welding expert system will be established relying on the data accumulation of a large number of pipeline engineering applications, and remote monitoring and real-time fault diagnosis of welding robots will be implemented. Networked real-time monitoring and fault processing systems are established for online monitoring of welding quality; (3) For man-machine integration, the experience of skilled welders will be transformed into training samples for welding robots through deep learning to guide welding training of non-skilled welders. Thus, the man-machine relationship will be changed from master-slave to partnership that will complete pipeline welding work together.
YIN Tie, ZHAO Hong, ZHANG Qian, WU Tingting, ZHOU Lun, WANG Xinsheng. Current situation and development of welding robots for long distance oil and gas pipelines. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2021, 01: 145-157.
