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摘要? 鑒于非常規(guī)各向異性儲層水力壓裂射孔簇非均勻起裂的科學(xué)難題,，本文考慮弱面各向異性,，射孔孔眼與井筒的應(yīng)力集中效應(yīng)的疊加,，建立了任意定向井眼與射孔孔眼的應(yīng)力模型與水力裂縫起裂形態(tài)預(yù)測的解析模型，研究了垂直縫,、水平縫的起裂條件,。對羅布區(qū)塊產(chǎn)量差異最大的兩口井進行力學(xué)分析，研究結(jié)果表明：射孔孔眼周圍的應(yīng)力分布對裂縫起裂壓力有顯著影響,，從而影響了井筒附近裂縫的幾何形狀,。在沿最小水平主應(yīng)力方向布井且主要處于走滑偏正斷層應(yīng)力狀態(tài)的Y1 井中，未產(chǎn)生氣液的主要力學(xué)原因是井眼與射孔通道兩次應(yīng)力集中導(dǎo)致近井原位應(yīng)力場的水平主應(yīng)力反轉(zhuǎn),，應(yīng)力狀態(tài)變?yōu)槟鏀鄬?，近井主要為水平縫，氣液運移通道受阻,。處于走滑偏正斷層應(yīng)力狀態(tài)的Y2 井中,，兩次應(yīng)力集后應(yīng)力狀態(tài)變?yōu)樽呋鏀鄬樱怪笨p起裂范圍占比75%以上,，近井裂縫通道連通性較好,，有助于儲層氣液的運移。本研究可為水力壓裂的射孔優(yōu)化設(shè)計提供參考,，為現(xiàn)場實際應(yīng)用提供了最小的起裂壓力與最佳井筒—油藏連接通道的射孔方向,。

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關(guān)鍵詞 ：頁巖氣,應(yīng)力集中,水平主應(yīng)力反轉(zhuǎn),水平縫,射孔優(yōu)化

Abstract：

In view of the scientific problem of non-uniform initiation of hydraulic fracturing perforation clusters in unconventional anisotropic reservoirs, this paper considers the anisotropy of weak plane and the superposition of stress concentration effect of perforation hole and wellbore, and establishes the stress model of arbitrary directional hole and perforation hole and the analytical model of hydraulic fracture initiation morphology prediction. The initiation conditions of vertical and horizontal fractures are studied. the mechanical analysis of two wells with the largest difference in production in Luobu block is carried out. The results show that the stress distribution around the perforation hole has a significant influence on the fracture initiation pressure, which affects the geometry of the fracture near the wellbore. In well Y1, which is arranged along the direction of the minimum horizontal principal stress and is mainly in the stress state of the strike-slip partial normal fault, the main mechanical reason for the absence of gas-liquid is that the two stress concentrations of the borehole and the perforation channel lead to the reversal of the horizontal principal stress of the in-situ stress field near the well, and the stress state becomes reverse fault. The near well is mainly horizontal fracture, and the gas-liquid migration channel is blocked. In the Y2 well, which is in the stress state of the strike-slip normal fault, the stress state becomes a strike-slip reverse fault after two stress sets, and the vertical fracture initiation range accounts for more than 75%. The connectivity of the near-well fracture channel is good, which is helpful for the migration of gas and liquid in the reservoir. This study offers insights for the optimal design of perforation holes in hydraulic fracturing, providing information on the minimum fracture initiation pressure and the optimal perforation direction for the wellbore-reservoir connecting channel in practical field applications.

Key words： shale gas; stress concentration; horizontal principal stress reversal; horizontal fracture; perforation optimization

收稿日期: 2025-02-26 ????

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基金資助:國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2020YFA0710604) 資助

通訊作者: [email protected]

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劉英君, 鮮成鋼, 梁興, 張介輝, 李后俊, 劉云翼. 深層頁巖射孔條件下原位應(yīng)力場對水力裂縫起裂和復(fù)雜性的影響. 石油科學(xué)通報, 2025, 10(01): 120-132 LIU Yingjun, XIAN Chenggang, LIANG Xing, ZHANG Jiehui, LI Houjun, LIU Yunyi. The impact of geomechanics and perforations on hydraulic fracture initiation and complexity in deep shale reservoirs. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2025, 10(01): 120-132.

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