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首頁» 過刊瀏覽» 2024» Vol.9» lssue(5) 764-776???? DOI : 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2024.05.058
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不同傾角水力裂縫擴(kuò)展的鄰井光纖監(jiān)測信號特征研究
韋世明*,,郝亞龍,隋微波,陳勉
1 中國石油大學(xué)( 北京) 理學(xué)院,,北京 102249 2 中國石油大學(xué)( 北京) 石油工程學(xué)院,北京 102249 3 中國石油大學(xué)( 北京) 油氣資源與工程全國重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,北京 100049
Research on the characteristics of fiber optic signals for neighboring wells with hydraulic fracture propagation at different inclination angles
WEI Shiming, HAO Yalong, SUI Weibo, CHEN Mian
1 College of Science, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China 2 College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China 3 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 100049, China

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摘要? 考慮到目前光纖信號解釋模型均以垂直裂縫為基礎(chǔ),當(dāng)?shù)貙又邪l(fā)育天然裂縫與層理面,,將使得水力裂縫 在擴(kuò)展中發(fā)生傾斜;其光纖監(jiān)測信號也將與垂直裂縫產(chǎn)生差異,,使得現(xiàn)有光纖信號解釋模型不再適用,。為此,本文建立了三維傾斜裂縫擴(kuò)展力學(xué)模型,,考慮裂縫擴(kuò)展過程中的拉伸和剪切力學(xué)行為,,并采用有限元方法進(jìn)行求解,與Liu 和Wu提出的非連續(xù)位移方法對比,,模擬垂直裂縫擴(kuò)展條件下的光纖信號特征一致,,驗(yàn)證了本文模型的正確性。本文研究了有傾角水力裂縫擴(kuò)展過程中,,不同傾角,、傾斜方向、裂縫高度,、光纖監(jiān)測距離和原始地應(yīng)力狀態(tài)對光纖應(yīng)變和應(yīng)變率的影響,。分析發(fā)現(xiàn):傾斜水力裂縫擴(kuò)展時,鄰井光纖監(jiān)測的應(yīng)變率瀑布圖出現(xiàn)紅藍(lán)條帶,,當(dāng)水力裂縫傾角處于30~55°時,,出現(xiàn)對稱的紅藍(lán)應(yīng)變橢圓和紅藍(lán)應(yīng)變率條帶。隨著傾斜水力裂縫持續(xù)擴(kuò)展,,傾斜裂縫擊中光纖,應(yīng)變率瀑布圖出現(xiàn)多個心形區(qū),。當(dāng)裂縫傾斜方向發(fā)生變化時,,光纖監(jiān)測的應(yīng)變和應(yīng)變率瀑布圖也能夠反映水力裂縫的傾斜方向。隨著水力裂縫高度增加,,應(yīng)變率瀑布圖紅色條帶寬度增大,,為我們依據(jù)光纖監(jiān)測解釋裂縫高度提供了思路。對于同樣形態(tài)和尺寸的水力裂縫,,不同原始應(yīng)力狀態(tài)下的光纖監(jiān)測信號具有明顯的差異,,其中,正斷層應(yīng)力狀態(tài)下的光纖監(jiān)測信號具有最為明顯的條帶特征,。在本文計(jì)算條件下,,隨著光纖監(jiān)測距離每增加100 m,,光纖監(jiān)測到的應(yīng)變和應(yīng)變率信號強(qiáng)度減小一個數(shù)量級。本文研究對通過鄰井光纖信號解釋水力裂縫形態(tài),、尺寸,,進(jìn)而指導(dǎo)鄰井光纖布置具有重要指導(dǎo)意義。
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關(guān)鍵詞 : 水力壓裂,傾斜裂縫,鄰井光纖,信號特征
Abstract

Considering that the current fiber optic signal interpretation models are based on vertical fractures, and the influence of natural fractures and bedding planes makes hydraulic fractures tilted during its propagation process. What’s more, its optical fiber monitoring signals will also differ from those produced by vertical fractures, rendering existing optical fiber signal interpretation models inapplicable. Therefore, a three-dimensional inclined fracture propagation model is established in this paper, considering the tensile and shear mechanical behaviors during crack extension, and solved by the finite element method. The model in this paper simulates the fiber optic signal characteristics under vertical crack extension conditions has good agreement with the discontinuous displacement method of Liu and Wu, which verifies the correctness of the numerical model in this paper. After that, we build the geometry model of inclined fractures, the effects of different inclination angles, tilt directions, fracture heights, fiber-optic monitoring distances, and in-situ stress states on fiber-optic strains and strain rates are investigated during the propagation of hydraulic fractures with inclination angles. Some conclusions can be drawn from the simulation results: red and blue bands appear on strain rate waterfall plots monitored by fiber optics in neighboring wells during inclined hydraulic fracture propagation. Symmetrical red and blue strain ellipses and strain rate bands appear when the hydraulic fracture inclination is at 30° to 55°. As the inclined hydraulic fracture continues to propagate, when the inclined fracture hits the fiber, multiple heartshaped zones appear on the strain rate waterfall map. The fiber-optic-monitored strain and strain-rate waterfall maps are also able to reflect the tilt direction of the hydraulic fracture. The width of the red bands of the strain rate waterfall plot increases with increasing hydraulic fracture height, which provides us with a way of interpreting the height of fractures based on the optical fiber monitoring. For hydraulic fractures of the same morphology and size, the optical fiber monitoring signals under different initial stress states exhibit significant differences, among which, the optical fiber monitoring signals under the normal fault stress state have the most distinct band characteristics. Under the simulation conditions of this paper, with each 100 m increase in fiber-optic monitoring distance, the intensity of the fiber-optic-monitored strain and strain-rate signals decreases by one order of magnitude. The research in this paper is of great significance in guiding the interpretation of hydraulic fracture morphology and size through neighboring well fiber-optic signals and guiding the placement of fiber optics in neighboring wells.


Key words: hydraulic fracturing; inclined fractures; neighboring well fiber; signal characteristics
收稿日期: 2024-10-31 ????
PACS: ? ?
基金資助:國家自然科學(xué)基金重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目(52334001)、國家自然科學(xué)基金青年項(xiàng)目(42407252),、中國石油大學(xué)( 北京) 青年拔尖人才項(xiàng)目(ZX20230042)和油氣資源與工程全國重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室定向課題(PRE/DX-2405) 聯(lián)合資助
通訊作者: [email protected]
引用本文: ??
韋世明, 郝亞龍, 隋微波, 陳勉. 不同傾角水力裂縫擴(kuò)展的鄰井光纖監(jiān)測信號特征研究. 石油科學(xué)通報(bào), 2024, 09(05): 764-776 WEI Shiming, HAO Yalong, SUI Weibo, CHEN Mian. Research on the characteristics of fiber optic signals for neighboring wells with hydraulic fracture propagation at different inclination angles. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2024, 09(05): 764-776.
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