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摘要? 頁巖革命使美國擺脫了對進口石油天然氣的依賴,，成為了石油天然氣凈出口國,。本文回顧了美國頁巖革命歷程,，總結了頁巖油氣,、致密油氣的特點,，分析了我國頁巖革命的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,，提出了頁巖油氣,、致密油氣基礎地質理論問題。研究表明：(A)美國具有資源稟賦好,、科學技術創(chuàng)新能力強,、投資能力巨大、工程施工能力強大等優(yōu)勢,，已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)了頁巖革命,，中國頁巖革命正在進行中。(B)與常規(guī)油氣相比,，頁巖油氣致密油氣的成藏模式,、開發(fā)方式均有所不同。其具有連續(xù)性大面積分布,，油氣自封閉成藏,，開發(fā)生產(chǎn)工程量巨大，油氣田生產(chǎn)的“分布式”特點可靈活應對建產(chǎn)減產(chǎn),，以及采收率低的特點,。(C)我國頁巖油氣進一步大幅上產(chǎn)需要滿足7 個條件：①資源清楚；②水平井,、壓裂技術成熟,；③成本可控；④后期提高采收率工程空間大,；⑤符合環(huán)境要求,；⑥充分的資本投資；⑦強大的工程施工能力。(D)全油氣系統(tǒng)具有常規(guī)油氣—致密油氣—頁巖油氣序列成藏的規(guī)律,。頁巖油氣,、致密油氣藏具有儲層致密、流體組成與相態(tài)復雜,、油藏驅動方式多樣的基本特征,，面臨著儲層地質模型與流動模型不清的問題。需要進一步開展全油氣系統(tǒng)理論研究,，并大力發(fā)展甜點評價技術與壓裂技術,。

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關鍵詞 ：頁巖革命,頁巖油氣,致密油氣,基礎地質理論問題

Abstract：

The shale revolution has weaned the US from its dependence on imported oil and gas to become a net exporter. This paper reviews the history of the shale revolution in the United States, summarizes the characteristics of shale oil and tight oil and gas, analyzes the development status of the shale oil and gas revolution in China, and puts forward the basic geological theory of shale oil and tight oil and gas. The research shows that: (A) The United States has advantages such as good resource endowment, strong scientific and technological innovation ability, huge investment capacity, and strong engineering construction capacity, and has already realized the shale revolution. China's shale revolution is now under way. (B) Compared with conventional oil and gas, shale oil and tight oil and gas have different accumulation modes and development methods. They have the characteristics of continuous large-area distribution, self-sealing oil and gas accumulations, huge development and production engineering, and the "distributed" characteristics of oil and gas field production can flexibly cope with the characteristics of production reduction and low recovery. (C) Seven conditions need to be met for the further production of shale oil and gas in China: These are (1) Clear resources; (2) Mature horizontal well and fracturing technology; (3) The cost is controllable; (4) The engineering space of enhanced oil recovery in the late stage is large; (5) Meet environmental requirements; (6) Adequate capital investment; (7) Strong engineering construction ability. (D) The whole oil and gas system has a sequence of conventional oil and gas, tight oil and gas and shale oil and gas. Shale oil and gas and tight oil and gas reservoirs have the basic characteristics of tight reservoirs, complex fluid composition and phase state, and diverse reservoir driving modes, and we are faced with the problem of unclear reservoir geological and flow models. It is necessary to carry out further theoretical research of the whole oil and gas system, and vigorously develop sweet spot evaluation technology and fracturing technology.

Key words： shale revolution; shale oil and gas; tight oil and gas; basic geological theory problem

收稿日期: 2023-12-29 ????

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基金資助:中國石油科學研究與技術開發(fā)項目“油氣地質基礎新理論新技術研究”01 課題“全油氣系統(tǒng)理論與非常規(guī)油氣成藏機理”(2021DJ0101) 資助

通訊作者: [email protected]

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賈承造, 姜林, 趙文. 頁巖油氣革命與頁巖油氣,、致密油氣基礎地質理論問題. 石油科學通報, 2023, 06: 695-706 JIA Chengzao, JIANG Lin, ZHAO Wen. The shale revolution and basic geological theory problems of shale and tight oil and gas. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2023, 05: 695-706. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2023.06.065

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