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摘要? 溶洞是縫洞型油藏主要的儲集空間,，受巖溶作用影響,，溶洞發(fā)育形態(tài)復(fù)雜,，注水開發(fā)過程中，由于油水密度存在差異,，單井上部富集大量剩余油,。為研究溶洞型儲集體注水開發(fā)后氮?dú)馀菽?qū)不同注入?yún)?shù)下的驅(qū)油效果，設(shè)計制作了縫洞型油藏可視化溶洞模型進(jìn)行氮?dú)馀菽?qū)室內(nèi)實驗研究,，可以直觀地展示氮?dú)馀菽?qū)段塞尺寸,、注入時機(jī)、注采井別的變化對驅(qū)油效果影響,。實驗結(jié)果表明：溶洞儲集體氮?dú)馀菽?qū)存在最佳段塞尺寸范圍,，最佳段塞尺寸與溶洞發(fā)育形態(tài)、剩余油分布有關(guān),；相比轉(zhuǎn)注水結(jié)束后進(jìn)行氮?dú)馀菽?qū),，底水驅(qū)結(jié)束后進(jìn)行氮?dú)馀菽?qū)可以縮短生產(chǎn)井高含水期，減少注水量,，節(jié)約注水成本,；低位井氮?dú)馀菽?qū)與高位井注氮?dú)馀菽?qū)剩余油分布不同，氮?dú)馀菽c底水產(chǎn)生協(xié)同效應(yīng),，改變水驅(qū)失效后部分溶洞中油水分布狀態(tài),，提高波及體積。氮?dú)馀菽?qū)提高采收率的主要機(jī)理是重力分異作用和降低油水界面張力：泡沫,、油,、水三相重力準(zhǔn)數(shù)能夠判斷泡沫與底水協(xié)同作用的驅(qū)油效果；降低油水界面張力可使流場重新分布,。室內(nèi)實驗研究結(jié)果可為礦場應(yīng)用氮?dú)馀菽?qū)開發(fā)溶洞儲集體剩余油提供參考依據(jù),。

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關(guān)鍵詞 ：縫洞型油藏, 溶洞儲集體, 可視化模型, 氮?dú)馀菽?qū), 注入?yún)?shù)

Abstract：

　　Karst caves are the main storage space of fractured-cavity reservoirs. Due to karstification, the development of the caves is complicated. Because of the difference in density between oil and water, the residual oil is enriched in the upper part of single wells during water-flooding. In order to study the oil displacement effect of nitrogen foam flooding under different injection parameters after water flooding, a visual cave model of a fractured-cavity reservoir was designed and fabricated to carry out an experimental study of injection parameters of nitrogen foam flooding and visualize the oil displacement effect. The experimental results show that in terms of the cave reservoir body, there exist optimal nitrogen foam slug sizes, which vary with the characteristics of the cave and remaining oil distribution. Compared with nitrogen foam flooding after water flooding, the nitrogen foam flooding after bottom water drive could shorten the high water cut period, reduce both the water injection amount and the cost of water injection. The distribution of remaining oil after nitrogen foam flooding by a low-position well or a high-position well was different. Besides, the nitrogen foam and the bottom water could generate a synergistic effect, which changed the oil and water distribution in part of the karst cave after water flooding. The main EOR mechanism of nitrogen foam is gravity differentiation and reducing interfacial tension between oil and water. We defined a three-phase gravity criterion of foam, oil and water to describe the synergistic effect of foam and bottom water. The reduction of interfacial tension resulted in redistribution of the flow field. The results of laboratory experiments can provide reference for the development of the remaining oil in a cave body reservoir.

Key words： fractured-cavity reservoir enhanced oil recovery visual models nitrogen foam flooding injection parameters

收稿日期: 2017-03-21 ????

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基金資助:國家科技重大專項“縫洞型碳酸鹽巖油藏提高開發(fā)效果技術(shù)”(2016ZX05014-004-004)資助

通訊作者: 侯吉瑞, [email protected]

引用本文: ??

屈鳴,，侯吉瑞，馬仕希,，王倩,，羅旻. 縫洞型油藏溶洞儲集體氮?dú)馀菽?qū)注入?yún)?shù)及機(jī)理研究[J]. 石油科學(xué)通報, 2018, 3(1): 57-66. QU Ming, HOU Jirui, MA Shixi, WANG Qian, LUO Min. Mechanism and parameters of nitrogen foam flooding in cave reservoir bodies of fractured-cavity reservoirs. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2018, 3(1): 57-66.

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