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首頁» 過刊瀏覽» 2016» Vol. 1» Issue (1) 61-80???? DOI : 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2016.01.005
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深水鉆井管柱力學(xué)與設(shè)計(jì)控制技術(shù)研究新進(jìn)展
高德利, 王宴濱
中國石油大學(xué)石油工程教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,,北京 102249
Progress in tubular mechanics and design control techniques for deep-water drilling
GAO Deli, WANG Yanbin
Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China

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摘要? 深水鉆井作業(yè)主要包括導(dǎo)管噴射安裝,、表層套管井段鉆井,、水下防噴器組和深水鉆井隔水管安裝及后續(xù)鉆井等4 個(gè)主要作業(yè)環(huán)節(jié),,涉及導(dǎo)管,、鉆井隔水管,、送入管柱等3 類管柱系統(tǒng),。與陸地及淺水近海鉆井不同,,由于深水鉆井工況的獨(dú)特性,管柱在作業(yè)過程中產(chǎn)生復(fù)雜的力學(xué)行為,,嚴(yán)重影響深水鉆井的安全高效作業(yè),。因此,開展深水鉆井管柱力學(xué)與設(shè)計(jì)控制技術(shù)研究,,對于推動(dòng)深水鉆井科技進(jìn)步具有重要意義,。 深水導(dǎo)管噴射安裝技術(shù)是適應(yīng)深水鉆井的特殊要求而發(fā)展起來的一種淺層作業(yè)技術(shù),,也是深水鉆井作業(yè)程序的第一步。作業(yè)過程涉及導(dǎo)管和送入管柱2 類管柱系統(tǒng),,主要目的在于建立安全穩(wěn)定的水下井口,,為后續(xù)的鉆井作業(yè)奠定基礎(chǔ)。例如送入管柱的力學(xué)行為分析與優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)研究,、水下井口的管土相互作用與導(dǎo)管承載能力研究等,,對實(shí)現(xiàn)水下井口安全穩(wěn)定的目標(biāo)具有重要意義。本文從工程應(yīng)用與技術(shù)研發(fā)2 個(gè)方面,,對涉及其中的送入管柱強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)與校核,、導(dǎo)管噴射安裝工藝和導(dǎo)管承載能力等3 個(gè)方面的研究進(jìn)展進(jìn)行了綜述與展望。認(rèn)為深水導(dǎo)管噴射安裝的未來研究將側(cè)重于極限工況下導(dǎo)管的入泥深度與承載力計(jì)算,、噴射鉆進(jìn)參數(shù)優(yōu)化,、導(dǎo)管噴射安裝風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估與可靠性預(yù)測,以及深水導(dǎo)管噴射安裝模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)等內(nèi)容,。 深水鉆井隔水管是連接浮式鉆井平臺與水下井口的重要設(shè)備,,可提供鉆井液循環(huán)通道、支持輔助管線,、引導(dǎo)鉆具,、下放與回收防噴器組等。深水鉆井隔水管在整個(gè)鉆井作業(yè)過程中涉及安裝,、正常鉆進(jìn),、回收與緊急撤離等作業(yè)過程。由于波流聯(lián)合作用力的動(dòng)態(tài)效應(yīng),,深水鉆井隔水管在服役期間會產(chǎn)生軸向拉伸,、橫向彎曲、耦合振動(dòng)等一系列復(fù)雜力學(xué)行為,,給深水鉆井安全作業(yè)帶來巨大挑戰(zhàn),。因此,對深水鉆井隔水管力學(xué)行為進(jìn)行研究,,確保其安全可靠性,,是深水鉆井研究的關(guān)鍵問題之一。本文著眼于深水鉆井隔水管的頂張力控制,、縱橫彎曲變形,、橫向振動(dòng)特性、縱向振動(dòng)特性,、耦合振動(dòng)特性及渦激振動(dòng)特性等主要力學(xué)問題,,從載荷計(jì)算、控制方程,、邊界條件及求解方法等方面入手,,總結(jié)了深水鉆井隔水管系統(tǒng)在力學(xué)與設(shè)計(jì)控制技術(shù)方面取得的新進(jìn)展,,對目前研究中仍然存在的問題進(jìn)行了剖析和探討。研究認(rèn)為在以后的工作中,,應(yīng)在深水鉆井隔水管安裝作業(yè)窗口分析預(yù)測,、隔水管渦激振動(dòng)響應(yīng)與抑制,、隔水管疲勞壽命計(jì)算與評估,,以及隔水管力學(xué)行為模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)等方面加強(qiáng)研究。 在深水井筒整個(gè)壽命期間,,最大限度地使井筒中地層流體處于有效控制的安全運(yùn)行狀態(tài),,防止淺層氣和淺水流入侵,提高固井質(zhì)量...
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關(guān)鍵詞 : 深水鉆井; 管柱力學(xué),; 設(shè)計(jì)控制技術(shù),; 深水導(dǎo)管; 海洋鉆井隔水管
Abstract

  Generally, deep-water drilling procedures include four main steps: jetting installation operations for the deep-water conductor, drilling operations for surface casings under the mudline, installation operations of marine drilling risers and blowout preventers (BOP), and subsequent drilling operations. These involve three kinds of tubular strings; deep-water conductor, marine drilling riser and landing string. The tubular mechanics in deep-water drilling are complex and different from those in onshore and shallow offshore drilling and they have a strong impact on the safety and efficiency of drilling operations. Therefore, it is of great significance to study tubular mechanics and design control techniques to improve deep-water drilling performance and efficiency. The conductor jetting operations are used to meet the special requirements of deep-water drilling. It is the first step of well construction in deep-water drilling aimed to establish a stable subsea wellhead for the subsequent drilling operations. The deep-water conductor and landing string are indispensable during conductor jetting operations. In order to maintain the subsea wellhead stability, it is necessary to study the landing string mechanics and the bearing capacity of deep-water conductors by analyzing the subsea soil-pipe interaction. This can help realize the engineering goals of the conductor jetting operation. In this paper, progress in the design strength and checking of the landing string, the jetting operation process and the bearing capacity of deep-water conductors are reviewed and predicted from two aspects: technical research & development and engineering applications. Further studies of conductor jetting operations should be focused on the driving depth and the bearing capacity of deep-water conductors under some extreme working conditions, parameter optimization, risk assessment and reliability prediction, and simulation experiments. The marine drilling riser is the important connection between the subsea wellhead and the floating drilling platform. It plays an irreplaceable role in providing the channel for the drilling fluid, supporting auxiliary pipelines, guiding the drilling tools, installing and retrieving the BOP stack, etc. The drilling riser is involved in three main operation processes during deep-water drilling: installation, normal drilling and emergency disconnection and evacuation. Due to the dynamic effects of wave and current forces, the riser shows complex mechanical behavior, such as axial tension, lateral bending and coupled vibrations, which bring huge challenges for safe operations. Thus, riser mechanics is one of the key issues considered in deep-water drilling. Some mechanical characteristics to drilling risers, such as top tension control, lateral deformation and dynamic characteristics, longitudinal dynamic characteristics, coupled dynamic characteristics and vortex-induced vibration (VIV) are illustrated in this paper. Some problems still exist in loading calculations, control equations and boundary conditions. Methods for deriving solutions are also presented. In the future, research into the analysis and prediction of marine drilling riser installation windows, VIV response and prevention measures, fatigue life evaluation and simulation experiments should be undertaken to improve marine riser design. To ensure oil and gas well integrity in deep-water conditions, it is necessary to do more research to prevent shallow flow invasion and casing failure, to improve the cementing quality. In this paper, research progress in the prediction and prevention of damage to deep-water wells is reviewed from the following aspects: temperature distribution, annular pressure and stress distribution. Issues include unsteady heat transfer from the formation, circulating temperature distribution of the well annulus, additional load caused by heating expansion of fluids in the sealed annulus and its precautionary approaches, annulus pressures in multilayer casing strings and thermal-mechanical coupled response of the casing-cement-formation. Future research should be focused on the corresponding design optimization methods for well structures and casing strings, well integrity risk assessment and control techniques with consideration of the special processes and working conditions in deep-water drilling. It is necessary to carry out tubular mechanics simulation experiments to obtain valid data for improving research into tubular mechanics and design control techniques in deep-water drilling. A deep-water tubular mechanics experimental facility has been built by China University of Petroleum, Beijing. It is introduced in detail by describing the structural compositions, operating methods, technical parameters and main functions, etc. Simultaneously, some marine drilling riser mechanics experiments and fatigue life testing are presented in this paper. This review is intended to guide future research on tubular mechanics and design control techniques for deep-water drilling.

Key words: deep-water drilling ; tubular mechanics ; design control techniques ; deep-water conductor ; marine drilling riser
收稿日期: 2018-05-30 ????
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高德利,,王宴濱. 深水鉆井管柱力學(xué)與設(shè)計(jì)控制技術(shù)研究新進(jìn)展[J]. 石油科學(xué)通報(bào), 2016, 1(1): 61-80. GAO Deli, WANG Yanbin. Progress in tubular mechanics and design control techniques for deep-water drilling. 石油科學(xué)通報(bào), 2016, 1(1): 61-80.
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